I have an InnoDB table running on MySQL 5.0.45 in CentOS. To make matters worse it is all running in a virtual machine. There are multiple tables that have the probability of exceeding 2 million records very easily. I have noticed that starting around the 900K to 1M record mark DB performance starts to nosedive. Employees Sample Database Table of Contents. For help with using MySQL, please visit either the MySQL Forums or MySQL Mailing Lists, where you. Consisting of 4 million records in total. The structure is compatible with a wide range of storage engine types. Through an included data file, support for partitioned tables is also provided. This document describes the Employees sample database. Of a large base of data (approximately 160MB) spread over six separate tables and consisting of 4 million records in total. The structure is compatible with a wide range of storage engine types. To import the data into your MySQL instance, load the data through the mysql command. HI.Sample INSERT statement script needed to insert 500 million rows into in-memory table sql. This document describes the Employees sample database. The Employees sample database was developed by Patrick Crews and Giuseppe Maxia and provides a combination of a large base of data (approximately 160MB) spread over six separate tables and consisting of 4 million records in total.
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A number of examples and walkthroughs in the LINQ to SQL documentation use sample SQL Server databases and SQL Server Express. You can download these products free of charge from Microsoft.
Get the Northwind sample database for SQL Server
Download the script instnwnd.sql
from the following GitHub repository to create and load the Northwind sample database for SQL Server:
Before you can use the Northwind database, you have to run the downloaded instnwnd.sql
script file to recreate the database on an instance of SQL Server by using SQL Server Management Studio or a similar tool. Follow the instructions in the Readme file in the repository.
Tip
If you're looking for the Northwind database for Microsoft Access, see Install the Northwind sample database for Microsoft Access.
Get the Northwind sample database for Microsoft Access
The Northwind sample database for Microsoft Access is not available on the Microsoft Download Center. To install Northwind directly from within Access, do the following things:
Open Access.
Enter Northwind in the Search for Online Templates box, and then select Enter.
On the results screen, select Northwind. A new window opens with a description of the Northwind database.
In the new window, in the File Name text box, provide a filename for your copy of the Northwind database.
Select Create. Access downloads the Northwind database and prepares the file.
When this process is complete, the database opens with a Welcome screen.
Get the AdventureWorks sample database for SQL Server
Download the AdventureWorks sample database for SQL Server from the following GitHub repository:
After you download one of the database backup (*.bak) files, restore the backup to an instance of SQL Server by using SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS). See Get SQL Server Management Studio.
Get SQL Server Management Studio
If you want to view or modify a database that you've downloaded, you can use SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS). Download SSMS from the following page:
You can also view and manage databases in the Visual Studio integrated development environment (IDE). In Visual Studio, connect to the database from SQL Server Object Explorer, or create a Data Connection to the database in Server Explorer. Open these explorer panes from the View menu.
Get SQL Server Express
SQL Server Express is a free, entry-level edition of SQL Server that you can redistribute with applications. Download SQL Server Express from the following page:
If you're using Visual Studio, SQL Server Express LocalDB is included in the free Community edition of Visual Studio, as well as the Professional and higher editions.
See also
I have user
table with innoDB
Engine which has about million drivers
And i have a mobile application track the locations of users and send it to server and save it.
Now am sure when go live and have millions of drivers send their locations ... the database will be down or very slow.
How i can avoid the slow performance of Mysql database when normal users use the application (read/write records)
I was thinking about create new database just to track drivers locations and then i have a main database will be updated via cronjob for example to update users
table with lat/lng every specific time
I have some limitation here ... i can not switch to no-sql database in this stage
2 Answers
3333 rows inserted per second. Be sure to 'batch' the inserts in some way. For even higher insertion rates, see http://mysql.rjweb.org/doc.php/staging_table
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DOUBLE
is overkill for lat/lng, and wastes space. The size of the table could lead to performance problems (when the table gets to be 'huge'). For locating a vehicle, FLOAT
is probably better -- 8 bytes for 2 floats vs 16 bytes for 2 doubles. The resolution is 1.7 m (5.6 ft). Ref: http://mysql.rjweb.org/doc.php/latlng#representation_choices
On the other hand, if there is only one lat/lng per user, a million rows would be less than 100MB, not a very big table.
What queries are to be performed? A million rows against a table can be costly. 'Find all users within 10 miles (or km)' would require a table scan. Recommend looking into a bounding box, plus a couple of secondary indexes.
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The calls to update location should connect, update, disconnect. This will take a fraction of a second, and may not overload max_connections
. That setting should not be too high; it could invite trouble. Also set back_log
to about the same value.
Consider 'connection pooling', the details of which depend on your app language, web server, version of MySQL, etc.
Together with the 'bounding box' in the WHERE
, have INDEX(lat), INDEX(lng)
; the Optimizer will pick between them.
Now many CPU cores in your server? Limit the number of webserver threads to about twice that. This provides another throttling mechanism to avoid 'thundering herd syntrome'.
Turn off the Query cache by having both query_cache_size=0
and query_cache_type=0
. Otherwise the QC costs some overhead while essentially never providing any benefit.
Batching INSERTs
is feasible. But you need to batch UPDATEs
. This is trickier. It should be practical by gathering updates in a table, then doing a single, multi-table, UPDATE
to copy from that table into the main table. This extra table would work something like the ping-pong I discuss in my 'staging_table' link. But... First let's see if the other fixes are sufficient.
Download Sample Mysql Database With Million Records 2017
Use innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
. Otherwise, the bottleneck will be logging transactions. The downside (of losing 1 second's worth of updates) is probably not an issue for your app -- since you will get an another lat/lng soon.
Finding nearby vehicles -- This is even better than a bounding box, but it is more complex: http://mysql.rjweb.org/doc.php/latlng . How often do look for 'nearbys'. I hope it is not 3333/sec; that is not practical in a single server. (Multiple Slaves could provide a solution.) Anyway, the resultset does not change very fast.
There's a lot to unpick here...
Firstly, consider using the spatial data types for storing lat and long. That, in turn, will allow you to use spatial indexes, which are optimized for finding people in bounding boxes.
Secondly, if you expect such high traffic, you may need some exotic solutions.
Firstly - set up a test rig, as similar to the production hardware as possible, so you can hunt for bottlenecks. If you expect 100K inserts over a 5 minute period, you're looking at an average of 100.000 / 5 / 60 = 333 inserts per second. But scaling for average is usually a bad idea - you need to scale for peaks. My rule of thumb is that you need to be able to hand 10 times the average if the average is in the 1 - 10 minute range, so you're looking for around 3000 inserts / second.
I'd use a load testing tool (JMeter is great) - and ensure that the bottleneck isn't in the load testing infrastructure, rather than the target server. Work out at which load your target system starts to reach the acceptable response time boundaries - for a simple insert statement, I'd set that at 1 second. If you are using modern hardware, with no triggers and a well-designed table, I'd expect to reach at least 500 inserts per second (my Macbook gets close to that).
Use this test rig to optimize your database schema and indexes - you can get a LOT of performance out of MySQL!
The next step is the painful one - there is very little you can do to increase the raw performance of MySQL inserts (lots of memory, a fast SSD drive, fast CPU; you may be able to use a staging table with no indexes to get another couple of percent improvement). If you cannot hit your target performance goal with 'vanilla' MySQL, you now need to look at more exotic solutions.
The first is the easiest - make your apps less chatty. This will help the entire solution's scalability (I presume you have web/application servers between the apps and the database - they will need scaling too). For instance, rather than sending real-time updates, perhaps the apps can store 1, 5, 10, 60, 2400 minutes worth of data and send that as a batch. If you have 1 million daily active users, with peaks of 100.000 active users, it's much easier to scale to 1 million transactions per day than to 100.000 transactions every 5 minutes.
The second option is to put a message queuing server in front of your database. Message queueing systems scale much more easily than databases, but you're adding significant additional complexity to the architecture.
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The third option is clustering. This allows the load to be spread over multiple physical database servers - but again introduces additional complexity and cost.